Inhalational Anaesthetic Agents

03B8
Outline the pharmacological differences between neonates and adults with reference to sevoflurane, vecuronium and morphine.
42%

 

03B2
Describe the potential interactions of sevoflurane, desflurane and isoflurane with carbon dioxide absorbents.
60%

 

03B1
Draw and label, on the same X - Y axis, FA/FI curves for the following halothane concentrations in oxygen, showing a 30 minute period from starting administration.

a.                  Halothane 1%, subject breathing spontaneously.

b.                  Halothane 6%, subject breathing spontaneously.

c.                  Halothane 6%, subject paralysed and ventilated.

With reference to the major factors determining the shape of FA/FI curves explain the differences between (a) and (b), and (a) and (c).
29%

 

03A1
Briefly outline the effects of isoflurane on skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle tissues. Indicate how these effects are mediated and their clinical significance.
74%

 

02B4
Briefly outline the potential interactions between volatile agents and carbon dioxide absorbents
52%

 

02B3
Draw a graph comparing the ratio of inspired to alveolar concentrations during the first half hour of administration for nitrous oxide, isoflurane, and halothane. Outline reasons for observed differences between the agents and indicate the effects of increases in alveolar ventilation and cardiac output.
73%

 

01B10
Briefly describe the adverse effects of nitrous oxide.
76%

 

01A12
Briefly describe the respiratory effects of the volatile agents
58%

 

00A9
Compare and contrast the effects of halothane and isoflurane on the heart
65%

 

99A14
Briefly outline the pharmacological effects of the volatile anaesthetic agents on the kidneys.
64%

 

98A16
Outline the potential for methoxyflurane and sevoflurane to produce toxic effects on the kidney
75%

 

1997
Compare and contrast the effects on the heart of halothane and isoflurane
46%

 

1997
Discuss the possible effect of volatile inhalational agents on the liver

 

96B11
Briefly outline the effects of volatile Inhalational agents on the muscle tissues, indicating postulated mechanisms and clinical significance.
43%

 

96A9
Describe briefly the central nervous system effects of isoflurane

 

96A12
Define MAC and outline the factors which influence it. Briefly explain MAC-hour, MAC-awake, MAC-bar and the applications of these terms
76%

 

95B10
Draw a graph comparing the ratio of inspired to alveolar concentrations during the first half hour of administration for nitrous oxide, isoflurane and halothane.
Outline the reasons for the observed differences between the agents and indicate the effects of non-concurrent increases in alveolar ventilation and cardiac output.
52%

 

95A7
Explain briefly the potential advantages and disadvantages of SEVOFLURANE
82%

 

95B5
Briefly outline the effects of the volatile agents on muscle tissues. Include a description of how these effects are mediated and their clinical significance.
55%

 

1993
Briefly outline the chemistry of soda lime and the potential interactions with anaesthetic agents

 

1993
Describe the direct effects of isoflurane on the cardiovascular system

 

1993
Explain how nitrous oxide may contribute to adverse anaesthetic outcome