3. Physiology
        3.9. Metabolism and Nutrition
            3.9.1. Metabolism
                3.9.1.2. Carbohydrate metabolism
3.9.1.2.4. Gluconeogenesis

Gluconeogenesis

 

Irreversible reactions

Gluconeogenesis

Pyruvate back to phosphoenolpyruvate

In mitochondria, pyruvate --> oxaloacetate --> malate.

Malate then diffuse into cytosol
--> oxaloacetate

Oxaloacetate (4C) --> phosphoenolpyruvate (3C)
* By phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
* Consumed 1 x GTP

 

In diabetes mellitus

Increased gluconeogenesis is due to increased activity of

  1. Pyruvate carboxylase
    * Converts Pyruvate to oxaloacetate (bypassing acetyl-CoA)
  2. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
    * Converts Oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate
  3. Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphatase
    * Converts Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to fructose 6-phosphate
  4. Glucose 6-phosphatase
    * Converts glucose 6-phosphate to glucose
About
Created20050514


Table of contents  | Bibliography  | Index